Learn how to use Japanese intransitive verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Tomoyuki: こんにちは、トモユキです。 |
| Jessi: Jessi here. Upper Beginner Season 1, Lesson 18, Be Careful Which Train You Get On in Japan. |
| Tomoyuki: 皆さん、ようこそJapanesePod101.comへ。 |
| Jessi: With us, you’ll learn to speak Japanese with fun and effective lessons. |
| Tomoyuki: We also provide you with cultural insights. |
| Jessi: And tips you won't find in a textbook. このレッスンでは何を勉強しますか。 What are we going to learn in this lesson? |
| Tomoyuki: このレッスンでは、自動詞の復習です。 |
| Jessi: You'll review how to use intransitive verbs. |
| Tomoyuki: このレッスンでは、駅と電車のアナウンスを聞きましょう。 |
| Jessi: In this lesson, you'll hear an announcement at a train station and another one on the train. |
| Tomoyuki: ある男の人が、ちょっとした失敗をしてしまいます。どんな失敗をしてしまうのでしょうか？ 聞いてみましょう。 |
| Jessi: In the dialogue, a man makes a small mistake. Please listen closely and find out what happened. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Announce: ドアが閉まります。ご注意ください。 |
| 駆け込み乗車は危ないですから、おやめください。 |
| Customer: あー、待って、待って！ |
| (The doors close) |
| Customer: ふー、ぎりぎりセーフ！ |
| (あれ？ 何でみんな俺のことを見てるんだ？) |
| Announce: ただ今の時間、一番前の車両は女性専用車両になっておりますので、ご協力お願いいたします。 |
| Customer:(おおお！しまった！ そうか、ここは女性専用だ！ だから、みんな俺を見ているんだ……) |
| Announce: 次は赤坂、赤坂。お出口は右側です。 |
| Customer: 失礼しましたー。 |
| Jessi: Now listen to the dialogue once without sound effects. |
| Announce: ドアが閉まります。ご注意ください。 |
| 駆け込み乗車は危ないですからおやめください。 |
| Customer: あー、待って、待って！ |
| (The doors close) |
| Customer: ふー、ぎりぎりセーフ！ |
| (あれ？ 何でみんな俺のことを見てるんだ？) |
| Announce: ただ今の時間、一番前の車両は女性専用車両になっておりますので、ご協力お願いいたします。 |
| Customer:(おおお！しまった！ そうか、ここは女性専用だ！ だから、みんな俺を見ているんだ……) |
| Announce: 次は赤坂、赤坂。お出口は右側です。 |
| Customer: 失礼しましたー。 |
| Jessi: Now listen to the dialogue with the English translation. |
| Announce: ドアが閉まります。ご注意ください。 |
| Jessi: The doors are closing. Please take care. |
| Announce: 駆け込み乗車は危ないですからおやめください。 |
| Jessi: Running for the train is dangerous, so please do not do it. |
| Customer: あー、待って、待って！ |
| Jessi: Ahh, wait, wait! |
| Customer: ふー、ぎりぎりセーフ！ |
| Jessi: Whew. Just made it! |
| Customer: (あれ？ 何でみんな俺のことを見てるんだ？) |
| Jessi: (Huh? Why is everyone looking at me?) |
| Announce: ただ今の時間、一番前の車両は女性専用車両になっておりますので、ご協力お願いいたします。 |
| Jessi: At the present time, the first carriage is operating as a women-only carriage. We kindly ask for your cooperation. |
| Customer:(おおお！しまった！ そうか、ここは女性専用だ！ |
| Jessi: (Ohhh! Damn it! This is the women-only carriage, is it? ) |
| Customer: (だから、みんな俺を見ているんだ……) |
| Jessi: (So that's why everyone's looking at me!) |
| Announce: 次は赤坂、赤坂。お出口は右側です。 |
| Jessi: The next station is Akasaka, Akasaka. The exit is on the right-hand side. |
| Customer: 失礼しましたー。 |
| Jessi: Pardon me! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Jessi: ああ！ 男の人は「女性専用車両」に乗ってしまったんですね。 |
| So the man accidentally got onto a women-only car.... Oops! |
| Tomoyuki: ちょっとかわいそうですね(笑) 日本は電車の中での痴漢(ちかん)が大きな問題なんです。 |
| 痴漢がイヤで電車に乗れなくなる女の人とかもいて、「女性専用車両」ができたらしいですよ。 |
| Jessi: So “痴漢”, or groping, on the train is a serious social problem in Japan. “女性専用車両” or "Women-only passenger car" was originally introduced to help protect women and combat this problem. They only run at certain times, right? |
| Tomoyuki: そうですね。だいたい朝のラッシュのときですね。 |
| 朝7時から9時半くらいですかね。 |
| Jessi: So "Women-only passenger cars" run only during the early morning rush hour from around 7 to 9 |
| Tomoyuki: ああ、でも、場所によっても、鉄道会社によっても違いますね。 |
| 朝だけじゃなくて、夕方のラッシュのときや、あと、終日、女性専用車両がある線もあります。 |
| Jessi: あ、なるほど。So the exact times depend on the place and railway company. Some of them run in the evening as well. |
| And...they're usually the first or second train car, right? |
| Tomoyuki: うーん、それも、会社によって違うんですよね。ときどき、真ん中にあったりするんですよ。 |
| Jessi: So this also depends on the company! They could be in the very middle as well. I see…. |
| Tomoyuki: でも、必ず「女性専用」とか、英語で "Women-only passenger car" とか大きく書いてあるので、すぐに分かると思います。だから、 |
| 男性のリスナーの皆さん、心配しないでください(笑) |
| Jessi: Yes, they have the words "women-only passenger car" written in big letters in English on them, So a mistake like we saw in the dialogue is probably pretty unlikely. So don't worry! |
| Tomoyuki: そうですね。じゃ、単語を勉強しましょう。 |
| Jessi: OK. On to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Jessi: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word is |
| Tomoyuki: 駆け込み [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: last-minute rush, stampede |
| Tomoyuki: 駆け込み [slowly - broken down by syllable]、駆け込み [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: Next word is |
| Tomoyuki: 閉まる [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: to close, to be shut; V1 |
| Tomoyuki: 閉まる [slowly - broken down by syllable]、閉まる [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: Next word is |
| Tomoyuki: しまった！ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: Oh, no!, Oops! |
| Tomoyuki: しまった！ [slowly - broken down by syllable]、しまった！ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: Next word is |
| Tomoyuki: やめる [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: to quit, to end, to stop |
| Tomoyuki: やめる [slowly - broken down by syllable]、やめる [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The last word is |
| Tomoyuki: ぎりぎり [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: barely, at the last moment |
| Tomoyuki: ぎりぎり [slowly - broken down by syllable]、ぎりぎり [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Jessi: Let's take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. What's the first expression? 最初の表現は何ですか？ |
| Tomoyuki: ぎりぎりセーフ |
| Jessi: "just safe," "barely O.K." |
| Tomoyuki: ぎりぎりセーフ！(笑) とか、とてもカジュアルな場面で使いますね。 |
| Jessi: This expression is very colloquial, and it's made up of the Japanese word "ぎりぎり", meaning "barely", and the English word, "safe" or セーフ. |
| Tomoyuki:「ぎりぎり」だけでも使えます。You can also just use the phrase “ぎりぎり” on its own. |
| Jessi: ああ、例えば「試験にぎりぎり合格しました。」 "I barely passed the test"とか？ |
| Tomoyuki: はい。「私はJLPTN4 に ぎりぎり合格しました.」"I barely passed JLPTN4." とか。ぎりぎりは フォーマルな場面でも、インフォーマルな場面でもどちらでも使えます。 |
| Jessi: Ok. What's next? 次は何ですか？ |
| Tomoyuki: 駆け込み乗車 |
| Jessi: 駆け込み乗車(かけこみじょうしゃ) "dashing for a train or bus" |
| "駆け込み" is the ます stem of the verb "駆け込む", meaning "to run in" or "to stampede". "乗車" means "taking a train or a bus." |
| Tomoyuki: In the dialogue, the announcement said…”駆け込み乗車は危ないですので、おやめください”. |
| Jessi: This means "Running for the train is dangerous, so please do not do it." |
| Tomoyuki: You actually hear this announcement a lot at train stations. |
| 必ず聞きますね。 |
| Jessi: Yes, you'll definitely hear it, since a lot of people do tend to run to catch their train. OK. On to the grammar section. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Jessi: The focus of this lesson is listening to an announcement at a station and on a train.In this grammar section, you'll review the usage of intransitive verbs. |
| Tomoyuki: In the dialogue, the announcement said…”ドアが閉(し)まります”. |
| Jessi: "The doors are closing." |
| Tomoyuki: この「閉まります」が、このレッスンのポイントです。「閉まります」は自動詞(Jessi: intransitive verb)ですね。 |
| Jessi: Right.Generally speaking, when announcing that a door will open or close, intransitive verbs “開(ひら)く” and “閉(し)まる” are usually used. |
| Tomoyuki: Right. ドアが開きます "The door will open" ドアが閉まります "The door will close." |
| Jessi: First of all...let's talk about the verb "to close". |
| Tomoyuki: There are three ways to say "to close" in Japanese. |
| “閉(し)める”, “閉(し)まる” and “閉(と)じる”. |
| Jessi: Listeners, can you tell the difference? |
| Tomoyuki: “閉める” is a transitive verb. |
| Jessi: Right. So when you use this verb, you mark the object with the particle ”を”. |
| Tomoyuki: 私はドアを閉める。 "I will close the door." |
| Jessi: ドア「を」閉める。 How about “閉まる”? |
| Tomoyuki: “閉まる” is an intransitive verb. So “ドアが閉まる” "The door will close." |
| Jessi: ドア「が」閉まる...Did you notice how the subject, “ドア” was marked by the particle “が”？ How about the verb “閉じる”？ |
| Tomoyuki: Well...”閉じる” is both a transitive and intransitive verb. It can be used in either way. |
| Jessi: So you mean...both ”ドアを閉じる” and ”ドアが閉じる” are correct? |
| Tomoyuki: そうです。 |
| Jessi: What about the nuance? What's the difference between "閉(し)める and 閉(と)じる", and "閉(し)まる and 閉(と)じる". |
| Tomoyuki: うーん……単語によるんですよね。ええ、初級・中級のレベルでは、あまりニュアンスの違いは考えなくていいと思います。 |
| Jessi: So which verb you use depends on the noun that comes before it, but at the beginner and intermediate level, you don't have to worry about that difference. |
| Tomoyuki: アナウンスでよく使われるのは、「ドアが閉まります」。 |
| Jessi: But the phrase commonly used in announcements is “ドアが閉まります”. "The doors are closing." OK. Listen and repeat after Tomoyuki."The doors are closing." |
| Tomoyuki: ドアが閉まります |
| Jessi: (wait for 5 sec.) In this lesson's announcement, we only heard the verb for "to close", 閉まる. |
| But maybe we should quickly go over the verb "to open" as well. There are 3 ways to say "to open" in Japanese, right? |
| Tomoyuki: そうですね。「開(あ)ける」「開(ひら)く」、そして「開(ひら)く」ですね。 |
| Jessi: 開(あ)ける、開(あ)く and 開(ひら)く？ So... what's the difference? |
| Tomoyuki: “開ける” is a transitive verb |
| Jessi: So you say ”ドア「を」開ける”? to mean "I'll open the door" |
| Tomoyuki: Exactly. 開(あ)く is an intransitive verb. |
| Jessi: I see. So “ドア「が」開(あ)く” "The door will open." |
| Tomoyuki: And “開(ひら)く2 is both transitive and intransitive… |
| So you can say either “ドアを開(ひら)く”(Jessi;"I'll open the door") or ドアが開(ひら)く(Jessi;"The door will open.") |
| Tomoyuki: アナウンスでは「ドアが開(ひら)きます」を一番聞きますね。 |
| Jessi: In announcements, ドアが開(ひら)きます "the doors are opening" are the most common.OK. Listen and repeat after Tomoyuki. "the doors are opening" |
| Tomoyuki: ドアが開(ひら)きます |
| Jessi: (wait for 5 sec).Sounds good! Now let's listen to the announcement part one more time. |
| ドアが閉まります。ご注意ください。 |
| 駆け込み乗車は危ないですからおやめください。 |
| ただ今の時間、一番前の車両は女性専用車両になっておりますので、ご協力お願いいたします。 |
| 次は赤坂、赤坂。お出口は右側です。 |
| Tomoyuki: Transitive verbsとintransitive verbsは、とっても難しいですよね。 |
| Jessi: そうですよね。We know this lesson's grammar is a bit complicated, but this is essential grammar to know for moving on to the intermediate level. So be sure to read the lesson notes. |
Outro |
| Tomoyuki: ではまた。 |
| Jessi: See you next time everyone! |
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